[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” type=”1_2″][et_pb_blurb title=”Figure 1″ image=”https:\/\/glaciareschilenoss3.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/20195740\/Promedio-Temp-Global.png” _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_font_size=”12px” title_text=”Promedio Temp Global” background_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_padding=”17px|17px|17px|17px|true|true” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n
Measured glacier mass balance of all glaciers in South America between 2000-2015 with german satellite TanDEM-X. The left panel is the yearly balance of accumulation and melting of ice in metres of water equivalent per year. The right panel is the same area but for total mass (weight) of the glacier change in gigatons per year. (Source: Braun et al., 2019) 3<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” column_structure=”1_2,1_2″][et_pb_column _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” type=”1_2″][et_pb_blurb title=”Figure 2″ image=”https:\/\/glaciareschilenoss3.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/22205526\/Estado-glaciares-chilenos.png” _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” title_text=”Estado glaciares chilenos” background_color=”#FFFFFF” header_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_font_size=”12px” custom_padding=”17px|17px|17px|17px|true|true” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Modelled (lines) and measured (dots) surface elevation change on glaciers of the R\u00edo Yeso Basin (Caj\u00f3n del Maipo) 2000-2015. (Source: Burger et al., 2018) 4<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” type=”1_2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#FFFFFF” text_font=”Montserrat||||||||” custom_padding=”17px|17px|17px|17px|true|true” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Changes in the central and desert Andes of Chile are typically much smaller, mainly due to much smaller glacier sizes that are less dynamic (e.g. are not losing ice to the water). However, many of these glaciers are still losing a lot of ice relative to their size and undergoing a general decline in mass, especially under extended drought periods 8<\/sup>. Studies such as on Bello and Yeso glaciers 4<\/sup>, and Echaurren Norte glacier 5<\/sup> (which has one of the longest records of mass balance on the continent 2<\/sup>), show similar effects within the region over the last decades (Figure 2 and Figure 3), partially in response to the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation<\/a> (ENSO). Rates of ice loss are calculated in the range of 0.7 metres of water equivalent per year from these small glaciers since records began in the 1950\u2019s, but are notably greater (1.2 metres of water equivalent per year or more) under a prolonged drought that has been occurring since 2010 5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” column_structure=”1_2,1_2″][et_pb_column _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” type=”1_2″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#FFFFFF” text_font=”Montserrat||||||||” custom_padding=”17px|17px|17px|17px|true|true” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n In the south, glaciers like the famous Grey Glacier are losing similar amounts of ice per year (1.05 metres water equivalent per year) while Tyndall Glacier is notably more (~2.6 metres per year) 7<\/sup>. In general it\u2019s bad news for the country\u2019s glaciers, and such loss of ice has some potentially serious implications<\/a>. However, there are some notable exceptions to the trend, such as the growth of the P\u00edo XI Glacier<\/a> in O\u2019Higgins National Park and the stable grounding position of the well-known Perito Moreno Glacier in Argentina. The future state of Chilean glaciers as a whole is set to continue along this downward trend of melt and decay under a warming world, however, which has been breaking several records at the time of writing 9,10<\/sup>.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” type=”1_2″][et_pb_blurb title=”Figure 3″ image=”https:\/\/glaciareschilenoss3.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/22205901\/Estado-glaciares-chilenos-1.png” _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” title_text=”Estado glaciares chilenos (1)” background_color=”#FFFFFF” header_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_font_size=”12px” custom_padding=”17px|17px|17px|17px|true|true” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n Measured mass balance (dots) of Echaurren Norte Glacier, Cajon del Maipo in years 1975-2015. Colours red and blue indicate El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a years, respectively. (Source: Farias-Barahona et al., 2019) 5<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.24.3″ hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” background_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_padding=”|35px||35px|false|true” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″ text_font=”Montserrat||||||||” text_font_size=”12px” text_line_height=”1.6em” background_enable_color=”off”]<\/p>\n 1<\/sup> IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/i> [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. <\/p>\n Written by Thomas Shaw.<\/em> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/faq\/” button_text=”PREGUNTAS GLACIARES” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.24.3″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”20px” button_font=”|700|||||||” button_use_icon=”off” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” button_bg_color=”#FFFFFF” button_bg_enable_color=”on” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}” disabled_on=”off|on|on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/faq\/” button_text=”PREGUNTAS GLACIARES” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”20px” button_font=”|700|||||||” button_use_icon=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The trend in glacier mass balance in Chile is similar to that in most parts of the world: declining glacier area and retreat and disappearance of many small mountain glaciers 1<\/sup>. Chile is a typically understudied region of the world\u2019s glacier monitoring project 2<\/sup>, even though it possesses ~75-80% of the total glacier area of South America. Nevertheless, an increasing amount of studies have appeared within recent years, providing updates on the health of glaciers across Chile 3,4,5,6,7<\/sup>. Providing a spatially complete overview of the current state of all glaciers in the country is difficult because there are too many glaciers to measure in person. Information that is<\/i> available comes from different ways of measuring the glacier (using reference \u2018stakes\u2019 or from satellite observations, for example) and typically happens over different years in different studies. A review of the recent literature demonstrates that glaciers are mostly all losing mass (becoming thinner and shrinking) and that some of the largest changes are occurring in Patagonia. Within the whole of South America, the calculated loss of glacier ice between 2000 and 2015 was almost 20 gigatons per year (A gigaton equals to one (109<\/sup>) billion tons), around 83% of which occurred in Patagonia (Figure 1) 3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Figure 1. Measured glacier mass balance of all glaciers in South America between 2000-2015 with german satellite TanDEM-X. The left panel is the yearly balance of accumulation and melting of ice in metres of water equivalent per year. The right panel is the same area but for total mass (weight) of the glacier change in gigatons per year. (Source: Braun et al., 2019) 3<\/sup> <\/p>\n Changes in the central and desert Andes of Chile are typically much smaller, mainly due to much smaller glacier sizes that are less dynamic (e.g. are not losing ice to the water). However, many of these glaciers are still losing a lot of ice relative to their size and undergoing a general decline in mass, especially under extended drought periods 8<\/sup>. Studies such as on Bello and Yeso glaciers 4<\/sup>, and Echaurren Norte glacier 5<\/sup> (which has one of the longest records of mass balance on the continent 2<\/sup>), show similar effects within the region over the last decades (Figure 2 and Figure 3), partially in response to the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation<\/a> (ENSO). Rates of ice loss are calculated in the range of 0.7 metres of water equivalent per year from these small glaciers since records began in the 1950\u2019s, but are notably greater (1.2 metres of water equivalent per year or more) under a prolonged drought that has been occurring since 2010 5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Figure 2. Modelled (lines) and measured (dots) surface elevation change on glaciers of the R\u00edo Yeso Basin (Caj\u00f3n del Maipo) 2000-2015. (Source: Burger et al., 2018) 4<\/sup> <\/p>\n Figura 3. Measured mass balance (dots) of Echaurren Norte Glacier, Cajon del Maipo in years 1975-2015. Colours red and blue indicate El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a years, respectively. (Source: Farias-Barahona et al., 2019) 5<\/sup> <\/p>\n In the south, glaciers like the famous Grey Glacier are losing similar amounts of ice per year (1.05 metres water equivalent per year) while Tyndall Glacier is notably more (~2.6 metres per year) 7<\/sup>. In general it\u2019s bad news for the country\u2019s glaciers, and such loss of ice has some potentially serious implications<\/a>. However, there are some notable exceptions to the trend, such as the growth of the P\u00edo XI Glacier<\/a> in O\u2019Higgins National Park and the stable grounding position of the well-known Perito Moreno Glacier in Argentina. The future state of Chilean glaciers as a whole is set to continue along this downward trend of melt and decay under a warming world, however, which has been breaking several records at the time of writing 9,10<\/sup>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Cited information:<\/p>\n 1<\/sup> IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/i> [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. <\/p>\n Written by Thomas Shaw.<\/em> [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/faq\/” button_text=”PREGUNTAS GLACIARES” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”20px” button_font=”|700|||||||” button_use_icon=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The trend in glacier mass balance in Chile is similar to that in most parts of the world: declining glacier area and retreat and disappearance of many small mountain glaciers 1. Chile is a typically understudied region of the world\u2019s glacier monitoring project 2, even though it possesses ~75-80% of the total glacier area of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAow57LVCw:productID":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":" [et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.26.3\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_3,1_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"][et_pb_button button_url=\"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/que-pasara-si-los-glaciares-se-derriten-completamente\" button_text=\"Anterior\" button_alignment=\"left\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_size=\"12px\" button_border_width=\"2px\" button_icon=\"%%23%%\" button_icon_color=\"#ffffff\" button_icon_placement=\"left\" button_on_hover=\"off\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"][et_pb_button button_url=\"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/faq\/\" button_text=\"PREGUNTAS GLACIARES\" button_alignment=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.7.0\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_size=\"20px\" button_font=\"|700|||||||\" button_use_icon=\"off\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"][et_pb_button button_url=\"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/cuantos-glaciares-hay-en-chile\/\" button_text=\"Siguiente\" button_alignment=\"right\" _builder_version=\"4.7.0\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_size=\"12px\" button_border_width=\"2px\" button_icon=\"%%24%%\" button_icon_color=\"#ffffff\" button_icon_placement=\"left\" button_on_hover=\"off\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.26.3\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.26.3\"][et_pb_tabs _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"][et_pb_tab title=\"Espa\u00f1ol\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"]<\/p> \u00a0<\/p> La tendencia en el balance de masa de los glaciares en Chile es similar a la de la mayor\u00eda de las partes del mundo: disminuci\u00f3n del \u00e1rea de los glaciares, retirada y desaparici\u00f3n de muchos glaciares peque\u00f1os de monta\u00f1a 1<\/sup>. Chile es una regi\u00f3n t\u00edpicamente poco estudiada del proyecto mundial de monitoreo de glaciares 2<\/sup>, a pesar de que posee ~75-80% del \u00e1rea total de glaciares de Am\u00e9rica del Sur. Sin embargo, una cantidad cada vez mayor de estudios han aparecido en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, proporcionando actualizaciones sobre la salud de los glaciares en todo Chile 3,4,5,6,7<\/sup>. Proveer una visi\u00f3n espacialmente completa del estado actual de todos los glaciares en el pa\u00eds es dif\u00edcil porque hay demasiados glaciares para ser medidos en persona. La informaci\u00f3n disponible proviene de diferentes formas de medir el glaciar (usando \"balizas\" de referencia o de observaciones satelitales, por ejemplo) y generalmente ocurre a lo largo de diferentes a\u00f1os en diferentes estudios. Una revisi\u00f3n de la literatura reciente demuestra que la mayor\u00eda de los glaciares pierden masa (se derriten y se encogen) y que algunos de los cambios m\u00e1s importantes se producen en la Patagonia. En toda Am\u00e9rica del Sur, la p\u00e9rdida calculada de hielo glaciar entre 2000 y 2015 fue de casi 20 gigatoneladas por a\u00f1o (una gigatonelada equivale a 109<\/sup> toneladas o mil millones de toneladas), de las cuales alrededor del 83% ocurrieron en la Patagonia (Figura 1) 3<\/sup>.<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_4057\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"529\"] \u00a0<\/p> Estos cambios suelen ser t\u00edpicamente m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os en los glaciares de Chile de los Andes centrales y del desierto, principalmente por ser glaciares de mucho menor tama\u00f1o los cuales son menos din\u00e1micos (es decir, no est\u00e1n perdiendo hielo hacia el agua). Sin embargo, muchos de estos glaciares a\u00fan est\u00e1n perdiendo mucho hielo en relaci\u00f3n a sus tama\u00f1os y experimentan una disminuci\u00f3n general de la masa, especialmente bajo per\u00edodos prolongados de sequ\u00eda 8<\/sup>. Estudios como el de los glaciares Bello y Yeso 4<\/sup>, y del glaciar Echaurren Norte 5<\/sup> (que tiene uno de los registros m\u00e1s largos de balance de masa en el continente 2<\/sup>), muestran efectos similares dentro de la regi\u00f3n en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas (Figura 2 y Figura 3), parcialmente en respuesta a la Oscilaci\u00f3n del Sur de El Ni\u00f1o<\/a> (ENSO por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s). Las tasas de p\u00e9rdida de hielo se calculan en el rango de 0,7 metros equivalentes en agua por a\u00f1o para estos peque\u00f1os glaciares desde que comenzaron los registros en la d\u00e9cada de 1950, pero son notablemente mayores (1,2 metros equivalentes en agua por a\u00f1o o m\u00e1s) bajo una sequ\u00eda prolongada que ha estado ocurriendo desde 2010 5<\/sup>.<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_4058\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"] \u00a0<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_4059\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"623\"] \u00a0<\/p> En el sur, los glaciares como el famoso glaciar Grey est\u00e1n perdiendo cantidades similares de hielo por a\u00f1o (1,05 metros equivalentes en agua por a\u00f1o), mientras que el glaciar Tyndall es notablemente m\u00e1s (~2,6 metros por a\u00f1o) 7<\/sup>. En general, son malas noticias para los glaciares del pa\u00eds, y esa p\u00e9rdida de hielo tiene algunas implicancias potencialmente graves<\/a>. Sin embargo, hay algunas excepciones notables a la tendencia, como el crecimiento del glaciar P\u00edo XI<\/a> en el Parque Nacional O'Higgins y la posici\u00f3n estable del conocido glaciar Perito Moreno en Argentina. Sin embargo, el estado futuro de los glaciares chilenos en su conjunto continuar\u00e1 a lo largo de esta tendencia descendente con su derretimiento y descomposici\u00f3n en un mundo en calentamiento, que ha estado rompiendo varios r\u00e9cords al momento de escribir 9,10<\/sup>.<\/p> \u00a0<\/p> Informaci\u00f3n citada:<\/p> 1<\/sup> IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/i> [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. \u00a0<\/p> Escrito por Thomas Shaw.<\/em> [\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=\"English\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"]<\/p> \u00a0<\/p> The trend in glacier mass balance in Chile is similar to that in most parts of the world: declining glacier area and retreat and disappearance of many small mountain glaciers 1<\/sup>. Chile is a typically understudied region of the world\u2019s glacier monitoring project 2<\/sup>, even though it possesses ~75-80% of the total glacier area of South America. Nevertheless, an increasing amount of studies have appeared within recent years, providing updates on the health of glaciers across Chile 3,4,5,6,7<\/sup>. Providing a spatially complete overview of the current state of all glaciers in the country is difficult because there are too many glaciers to measure in person. Information that is<\/i> available comes from different ways of measuring the glacier (using reference \u2018stakes\u2019 or from satellite observations, for example) and typically happens over different years in different studies. A review of the recent literature demonstrates that glaciers are mostly all losing mass (becoming thinner and shrinking) and that some of the largest changes are occurring in Patagonia. Within the whole of South America, the calculated loss of glacier ice between 2000 and 2015 was almost 20 gigatons per year (A gigaton equals to one (109<\/sup>) billion tons), around 83% of which occurred in Patagonia (Figure 1) 3<\/sup>.<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_4057\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"529\"] \u00a0<\/p> Changes in the central and desert Andes of Chile are typically much smaller, mainly due to much smaller glacier sizes that are less dynamic (e.g. are not losing ice to the water). However, many of these glaciers are still losing a lot of ice relative to their size and undergoing a general decline in mass, especially under extended drought periods 8<\/sup>. Studies such as on Bello and Yeso glaciers 4<\/sup>, and Echaurren Norte glacier 5<\/sup> (which has one of the longest records of mass balance on the continent 2<\/sup>), show similar effects within the region over the last decades (Figure 2 and Figure 3), partially in response to the El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation<\/a> (ENSO). Rates of ice loss are calculated in the range of 0.7 metres of water equivalent per year from these small glaciers since records began in the 1950\u2019s, but are notably greater (1.2 metres of water equivalent per year or more) under a prolonged drought that has been occurring since 2010 5<\/sup>.<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_4058\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"] \u00a0<\/p>[caption id=\"attachment_4059\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"623\"] \u00a0<\/p> In the south, glaciers like the famous Grey Glacier are losing similar amounts of ice per year (1.05 metres water equivalent per year) while Tyndall Glacier is notably more (~2.6 metres per year) 7<\/sup>. In general it\u2019s bad news for the country\u2019s glaciers, and such loss of ice has some potentially serious implications<\/a>. However, there are some notable exceptions to the trend, such as the growth of the P\u00edo XI Glacier<\/a> in O\u2019Higgins National Park and the stable grounding position of the well-known Perito Moreno Glacier in Argentina. The future state of Chilean glaciers as a whole is set to continue along this downward trend of melt and decay under a warming world, however, which has been breaking several records at the time of writing 9,10<\/sup>.<\/p> \u00a0<\/p> Cited information:<\/p> 1<\/sup> IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/i> [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. \u00a0<\/p> Written by Thomas Shaw.<\/em> [\/et_pb_tab][\/et_pb_tabs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_3,1_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"][et_pb_button button_url=\"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/que-pasara-si-los-glaciares-se-derriten-completamente\" button_text=\"Anterior\" button_alignment=\"left\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_size=\"12px\" button_border_width=\"2px\" button_icon=\"%%23%%\" button_icon_color=\"#ffffff\" button_icon_placement=\"left\" button_on_hover=\"off\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"][et_pb_button button_url=\"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/faq\/\" button_text=\"PREGUNTAS GLACIARES\" button_alignment=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.7.0\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_size=\"20px\" button_font=\"|700|||||||\" button_use_icon=\"off\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.4.2\"][et_pb_button button_url=\"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/cuantos-glaciares-hay-en-chile\/\" button_text=\"Siguiente\" button_alignment=\"right\" _builder_version=\"4.7.0\" custom_button=\"on\" button_text_size=\"12px\" button_border_width=\"2px\" button_icon=\"%%24%%\" button_icon_color=\"#ffffff\" button_icon_placement=\"left\" button_on_hover=\"off\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"coauthors":[3335],"class_list":["post-14390","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14390"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16520,"href":"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14390\/revisions\/16520"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=14390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Cited information:<\/strong><\/h6>\n
\n
2<\/sup> WGMS (2017, updated, and earlier reports): Global Glacier Change Bulletin No. 2 (2014-2015). Zemp, M., Nussbaumer, S. U., G\u00e4rtner-Roer, I., Huber, J., Machguth, H., Paul, F., and Hoelzle, M. (eds.), ICSU(WDS)\/IUGG(IACS)\/UNEP\/UNESCO\/WMO, World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzerland, 244 pp., based on database version: doi:10.5904\/wgms-fog-2018-11. Available at: https:\/\/wgms.ch\/faqs\/<\/a>
3<\/sup> Braun, M. H., Malz, P., Sommer, C., Far\u00edas-Barahona, D., Sauter, T., Casassa, G., \u2026 Seehaus, T. C. (2019). Constraining glacier elevation and mass changes in South America. Nature Climate Change, 9(FEBRUARY). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-018-0375-7
4<\/sup> Burger, F., Ayala, A., Farias-Barahona, D., Shaw, T. E., Macdonell, S., Brock, B., McPhee, J., Pellicciotti, F. (2018). Interannual variability in glacier contribution to runoff from a high \u2010 elevation Andean catchment: understanding the role of debris cover in glacier hydrology. Hydrological Processes, SI-Latin(January), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hyp.13354<\/a>
5<\/sup> Farias-Barahona, D., Casassa, G., Schaefer, M., Burger, F., Seehaus, T., Iribarren-Anacona, P., \u2026 Braun, M. H. (2019). Geodetic Mass Balances and Area Changes of Echaurren Norte Glacier ( Central Andes , Chile ) between 1955 and 2015. Remote Sensing, 11(260), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11030260
6<\/sup> Schaefer, M., Rodriguez, J. L., Scheiter, M., & Casassa, G. (2017). Climate and surface mass balance of Mocho Glacier , Chilean Lake District , 40 \u00b0 S. Journal of Glaciology, 63, 218\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jog.2016.129
7<\/sup> Weidemann, S. S., Sauter, T., Malz, P., Ja\u00f1a, R., Arigony-neto, J., Casassa, G., & Schneider, C. (2018). Glacier Mass Changes of Lake-Terminating Grey and Tyndall Glaciers at the Southern Patagonia Icefield Derived From Geodetic Observations and Energy and Mass Balance Modeling. Frontiers in Earth Science, 6(June), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feart.2018.00081
8<\/sup> Garreaud, R. D., Alvarez-Garreton, C., Barichivich, J., Pablo Boisier, J., Christie, D., Galleguillos, M., \u2026 Zambrano-Bigiarini, M. (2017). The 2010-2015 megadrought in central Chile: Impacts on regional hydroclimate and vegetation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(12), 6307\u20136327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hess-21-6307-2017<\/a>
9<\/sup> \u201cJuly on course to be hottest month ever, say climate scientists\u201d (2019) The Guardian [on-line] Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2019\/jul\/16\/july-on-course-to-be-hottest-month-ever-say-climate-scientists<\/a> (last access 31\/07\/2019)
10<\/sup> \u201c’No doubt left’ about scientific consensus on global warming, say experts\u201d (2019) The Guardian [on-line] Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2019\/jul\/24\/scientific-consensus-on-humans-causing-global-warming-passes-99<\/a> (last access 31\/07\/2019)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Edited by Equipo Glaciar.<\/em><\/p>\nWhat is the current state of Chilean glaciers?<\/b><\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/glaciareschilenoss3.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/26034532\/8.GMB_S_America.png\")
<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/glaciareschilenoss3.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/26034540\/8.GMB_Bello_Yeso.png\")
<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/glaciareschilenoss3.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/26034554\/8.GMB_Echaurren.png\")
<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n
2<\/sup> WGMS (2017, updated, and earlier reports): Global Glacier Change Bulletin No. 2 (2014-2015). Zemp, M., Nussbaumer, S. U., G\u00e4rtner-Roer, I., Huber, J., Machguth, H., Paul, F., and Hoelzle, M. (eds.), ICSU(WDS)\/IUGG(IACS)\/UNEP\/UNESCO\/WMO, World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzerland, 244 pp., based on database version: doi:10.5904\/wgms-fog-2018-11. Available at: https:\/\/wgms.ch\/faqs\/<\/a>
3<\/sup> Braun, M. H., Malz, P., Sommer, C., Far\u00edas-Barahona, D., Sauter, T., Casassa, G., \u2026 Seehaus, T. C. (2019). Constraining glacier elevation and mass changes in South America. Nature Climate Change, 9(FEBRUARY). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-018-0375-7
4<\/sup> Burger, F., Ayala, A., Farias-Barahona, D., Shaw, T. E., Macdonell, S., Brock, B., McPhee, J., Pellicciotti, F. (2018). Interannual variability in glacier contribution to runoff from a high \u2010 elevation Andean catchment: understanding the role of debris cover in glacier hydrology. Hydrological Processes, SI-Latin(January), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hyp.13354<\/a>
5<\/sup> Farias-Barahona, D., Casassa, G., Schaefer, M., Burger, F., Seehaus, T., Iribarren-Anacona, P., \u2026 Braun, M. H. (2019). Geodetic Mass Balances and Area Changes of Echaurren Norte Glacier ( Central Andes , Chile ) between 1955 and 2015. Remote Sensing, 11(260), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11030260
6<\/sup> Schaefer, M., Rodriguez, J. L., Scheiter, M., & Casassa, G. (2017). Climate and surface mass balance of Mocho Glacier , Chilean Lake District , 40 \u00b0 S. Journal of Glaciology, 63, 218\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jog.2016.129
7<\/sup> Weidemann, S. S., Sauter, T., Malz, P., Ja\u00f1a, R., Arigony-neto, J., Casassa, G., & Schneider, C. (2018). Glacier Mass Changes of Lake-Terminating Grey and Tyndall Glaciers at the Southern Patagonia Icefield Derived From Geodetic Observations and Energy and Mass Balance Modeling. Frontiers in Earth Science, 6(June), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feart.2018.00081
8<\/sup> Garreaud, R. D., Alvarez-Garreton, C., Barichivich, J., Pablo Boisier, J., Christie, D., Galleguillos, M., \u2026 Zambrano-Bigiarini, M. (2017). The 2010-2015 megadrought in central Chile: Impacts on regional hydroclimate and vegetation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(12), 6307\u20136327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hess-21-6307-2017<\/a>
9<\/sup> \u201cJuly on course to be hottest month ever, say climate scientists\u201d (2019) The Guardian [on-line] Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2019\/jul\/16\/july-on-course-to-be-hottest-month-ever-say-climate-scientists<\/a> (last access 31\/07\/2019)
10<\/sup> \u201c’No doubt left’ about scientific consensus on global warming, say experts\u201d (2019) The Guardian [on-line] Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2019\/jul\/24\/scientific-consensus-on-humans-causing-global-warming-passes-99<\/a> (last access 31\/07\/2019)<\/p>\n
Edited by Equipo Glaciar.<\/em><\/p>\n\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el estado actual de los glaciares chilenos?<\/strong><\/h2>
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/8.GMB_S_America.png\")
Figura 1. Balance de masa de glaciares registrado de todos los glaciares en Am\u00e9rica del Sur entre 2000-2015 con el sat\u00e9lite alem\u00e1n TanDEM-X. El panel izquierdo es el balance anual de acumulaci\u00f3n y derretimiento de hielo en metros de agua equivalente por a\u00f1o. El panel derecho es la misma \u00e1rea pero para la masa total (peso) del cambio glaciar en gigatoneladas por a\u00f1o. (Fuente: Braun et al., 2019) 3<\/sup>
<\/em>[\/caption]![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/8.GMB_Bello_Yeso-300x233.png\")
Figura 2. Cambio en la elevaci\u00f3n de la superficie modelada (l\u00edneas) y medida (puntos) en los glaciares de la cuenca del r\u00edo Yeso (Caj\u00f3n del Maipo) 2000-2015. (Fuente: Burger et al., 2018) 4<\/sup>
<\/em>[\/caption]![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.glaciareschilenos.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/8.GMB_Echaurren.png\")
Figura 3. Balance de masa medido (puntos) del glaciar Echaurren Norte, Caj\u00f3n del Maipo, en los a\u00f1os 1975-2015. Los colores rojo y azul indican los a\u00f1os de El Ni\u00f1o y La Ni\u00f1a, respectivamente. (Fuente: Farias-Barahona et al., 2019) 5<\/sup>
<\/em>[\/caption]
2<\/sup> WGMS (2017, updated, and earlier reports): Global Glacier Change Bulletin No. 2 (2014-2015). Zemp, M., Nussbaumer, S. U., G\u00e4rtner-Roer, I., Huber, J., Machguth, H., Paul, F., and Hoelzle, M. (eds.), ICSU(WDS)\/IUGG(IACS)\/UNEP\/UNESCO\/WMO, World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzerland, 244 pp., based on database version: doi:10.5904\/wgms-fog-2018-11. Available at: https:\/\/wgms.ch\/faqs\/<\/a>
3<\/sup> Braun, M. H., Malz, P., Sommer, C., Far\u00edas-Barahona, D., Sauter, T., Casassa, G., \u2026 Seehaus, T. C. (2019). Constraining glacier elevation and mass changes in South America. Nature Climate Change, 9(FEBRUARY). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-018-0375-7
4<\/sup> Burger, F., Ayala, A., Farias-Barahona, D., Shaw, T. E., Macdonell, S., Brock, B., McPhee, J., Pellicciotti, F. (2018). Interannual variability in glacier contribution to runoff from a high \u2010 elevation Andean catchment: understanding the role of debris cover in glacier hydrology. Hydrological Processes, SI-Latin(January), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hyp.13354<\/a>
5<\/sup> Farias-Barahona, D., Casassa, G., Schaefer, M., Burger, F., Seehaus, T., Iribarren-Anacona, P., \u2026 Braun, M. H. (2019). Geodetic Mass Balances and Area Changes of Echaurren Norte Glacier ( Central Andes , Chile ) between 1955 and 2015. Remote Sensing, 11(260), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11030260
6<\/sup> Schaefer, M., Rodriguez, J. L., Scheiter, M., & Casassa, G. (2017). Climate and surface mass balance of Mocho Glacier , Chilean Lake District , 40 \u00b0 S. Journal of Glaciology, 63, 218\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jog.2016.129
7<\/sup> Weidemann, S. S., Sauter, T., Malz, P., Ja\u00f1a, R., Arigony-neto, J., Casassa, G., & Schneider, C. (2018). Glacier Mass Changes of Lake-Terminating Grey and Tyndall Glaciers at the Southern Patagonia Icefield Derived From Geodetic Observations and Energy and Mass Balance Modeling. Frontiers in Earth Science, 6(June), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feart.2018.00081
8<\/sup> Garreaud, R. D., Alvarez-Garreton, C., Barichivich, J., Pablo Boisier, J., Christie, D., Galleguillos, M., \u2026 Zambrano-Bigiarini, M. (2017). The 2010-2015 megadrought in central Chile: Impacts on regional hydroclimate and vegetation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(12), 6307\u20136327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hess-21-6307-2017<\/a>
9<\/sup> \u201cJuly on course to be hottest month ever, say climate scientists\u201d (2019) The Guardian [on-line] Disponible en: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2019\/jul\/16\/july-on-course-to-be-hottest-month-ever-say-climate-scientists<\/a> (ultimo acesso 31\/07\/2019)
10<\/sup> \u201c'No doubt left' about scientific consensus on global warming, say experts\u201d (2019) The Guardian [on-line] Disponible en: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2019\/jul\/24\/scientific-consensus-on-humans-causing-global-warming-passes-99<\/a> (ultimo acceso 31\/07\/2019)<\/p>
Editado por Equipo Glaciar.<\/em><\/p>What is the current state of Chilean glaciers?<\/b><\/h2>
Figure 1. Measured glacier mass balance of all glaciers in South America between 2000-2015 with german satellite TanDEM-X. The left panel is the yearly balance of accumulation and melting of ice in metres of water equivalent per year. The right panel is the same area but for total mass (weight) of the glacier change in gigatons per year. (Source: Braun et al., 2019) 3<\/sup>
<\/em>[\/caption] Figure 2. Modelled (lines) and measured (dots) surface elevation change on glaciers of the R\u00edo Yeso Basin (Caj\u00f3n del Maipo) 2000-2015. (Source: Burger et al., 2018) 4<\/sup>
<\/em>[\/caption] Figura 3. Measured mass balance (dots) of Echaurren Norte Glacier, Cajon del Maipo in years 1975-2015. Colours red and blue indicate El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a years, respectively. (Source: Farias-Barahona et al., 2019) 5<\/sup>
<\/em>[\/caption]
2<\/sup> WGMS (2017, updated, and earlier reports): Global Glacier Change Bulletin No. 2 (2014-2015). Zemp, M., Nussbaumer, S. U., G\u00e4rtner-Roer, I., Huber, J., Machguth, H., Paul, F., and Hoelzle, M. (eds.), ICSU(WDS)\/IUGG(IACS)\/UNEP\/UNESCO\/WMO, World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzerland, 244 pp., based on database version: doi:10.5904\/wgms-fog-2018-11. Available at: https:\/\/wgms.ch\/faqs\/<\/a>
3<\/sup> Braun, M. H., Malz, P., Sommer, C., Far\u00edas-Barahona, D., Sauter, T., Casassa, G., \u2026 Seehaus, T. C. (2019). Constraining glacier elevation and mass changes in South America. Nature Climate Change, 9(FEBRUARY). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-018-0375-7
4<\/sup> Burger, F., Ayala, A., Farias-Barahona, D., Shaw, T. E., Macdonell, S., Brock, B., McPhee, J., Pellicciotti, F. (2018). Interannual variability in glacier contribution to runoff from a high \u2010 elevation Andean catchment: understanding the role of debris cover in glacier hydrology. Hydrological Processes, SI-Latin(January), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hyp.13354<\/a>
5<\/sup> Farias-Barahona, D., Casassa, G., Schaefer, M., Burger, F., Seehaus, T., Iribarren-Anacona, P., \u2026 Braun, M. H. (2019). Geodetic Mass Balances and Area Changes of Echaurren Norte Glacier ( Central Andes , Chile ) between 1955 and 2015. Remote Sensing, 11(260), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11030260
6<\/sup> Schaefer, M., Rodriguez, J. L., Scheiter, M., & Casassa, G. (2017). Climate and surface mass balance of Mocho Glacier , Chilean Lake District , 40 \u00b0 S. Journal of Glaciology, 63, 218\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jog.2016.129
7<\/sup> Weidemann, S. S., Sauter, T., Malz, P., Ja\u00f1a, R., Arigony-neto, J., Casassa, G., & Schneider, C. (2018). Glacier Mass Changes of Lake-Terminating Grey and Tyndall Glaciers at the Southern Patagonia Icefield Derived From Geodetic Observations and Energy and Mass Balance Modeling. Frontiers in Earth Science, 6(June), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feart.2018.00081
8<\/sup> Garreaud, R. D., Alvarez-Garreton, C., Barichivich, J., Pablo Boisier, J., Christie, D., Galleguillos, M., \u2026 Zambrano-Bigiarini, M. (2017). The 2010-2015 megadrought in central Chile: Impacts on regional hydroclimate and vegetation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(12), 6307\u20136327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hess-21-6307-2017<\/a>
9<\/sup> \u201cJuly on course to be hottest month ever, say climate scientists\u201d (2019) The Guardian [on-line] Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2019\/jul\/16\/july-on-course-to-be-hottest-month-ever-say-climate-scientists<\/a> (last access 31\/07\/2019)
10<\/sup> \u201c'No doubt left' about scientific consensus on global warming, say experts\u201d (2019) The Guardian [on-line] Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2019\/jul\/24\/scientific-consensus-on-humans-causing-global-warming-passes-99<\/a> (last access 31\/07\/2019)<\/p>
Edited by Equipo Glaciar.<\/em><\/p>